VICTORY GARDENS DURING WORLD WAR I AND WW II.

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United States WWI-era U.S. victory poster featuring Columbia sowing seeds

In March 1917, Charles Lathrop Pack organized the US National War Garden Commission and launched the War Garden campaign. Food production had fallen dramatically during World War I, especially in Europe, where agricultural labor had been recruited into military service and remaining farms devastated by the conflict. Pack and others conceived the idea that the supply of food could be greatly increased without the use of land and manpower already engaged in agriculture, and without the significant use of transportation facilities needed for the war effort. The campaign promoted the cultivation of available private and public lands, resulting in over five million gardens in the US  and foodstuff production exceeding $1.2 billion by the end of the war. 

President Woodrow Wilson said that "Food will win the war." To support the home garden effort, a United States School Garden Army was launched through the Bureau of Education, and funded by the War Department at Wilson's direction. 
World War II 
See also: Food waste in the United Kingdom § HistoryThe British "Dig on for Victory" poster by Peter FraserA victory garden in a bomb crater in London during WWII
Australia 

Australia launched a Dig for Victory campaign in 1942 as rationing and a shortage of agricultural workers began to affect food supplies. The situation began to ease in 1943; however, home gardens continued throughout the war.